---
title: "hand_grip_strength"
description: "The maximum voluntary isometric force generated by the muscles of the hand and forearm during a gripping action, usually measured with a hand-held dynamometer."
---

The maximum voluntary isometric force generated by the muscles of the hand and forearm during a gripping action, usually measured with a hand-held dynamometer.

**Purpose.** To record the measured handgrip strength of an individual, typically using a hand dynamometer.

## Source

| Model | Leg | Role |
|---|---|---|
| `openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.hand_grip_strength.v1` | openEHR | defines this table |

## Columns

| Column | Type | Null | Description | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| `id` | `uuid primary key` | no | Primary key. | — |
| `form_id` | `uuid` → [`form`](/docs/tables/form) | no | The form this entry was recorded on. | — |
| `form_block_id` | `uuid` | yes | The block within the form, when the entry is bound to one. | — |
| `event_type` | `text` | yes | null represents any_event | — |
| `measured_hand`<br />`measured_hand_code`<br />`measured_hand_system`<br />`measured_hand_valueset_id` | coded text<br />`text`, `text`, `text`, `text` | yes | Measured hand | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0004]` |
| `grip_strength_magnitude`<br />`grip_strength_units` | quantity<br />`numeric`, `text` | yes | Grip strength | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0007]` |
| `comment` | `text` | yes | Comment | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0008]` |
| `confounding_factors` | `text` | yes | Confounding factors | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/state[at0013]/items[at0019]` |
| `measurement_protocol`<br />`measurement_protocol_code`<br />`measurement_protocol_system`<br />`measurement_protocol_valueset_id` | coded text<br />`text`, `text`, `text`, `text` | yes | Measurement protocol | `/protocol[at0011]/items[at0032]` |
| `grip_span_magnitude`<br />`grip_span_units` | quantity<br />`numeric`, `text` | yes | Grip span | `/protocol[at0011]/items[at0039]` |
| `measuring_device` | `uuid` | yes | Measuring device | `/protocol[at0011]/items[at0010]` |

## Constraints

```sql
check ((measured_hand_code is null and measured_hand_system is null and measured_hand_valueset_id is null and measured_hand is null) or (measured_hand is not null and measured_hand_code is not null and measured_hand_system is not null and measured_hand_valueset_id is not null))
check ((grip_strength_magnitude is null and grip_strength_units is null) or (grip_strength_magnitude is not null and grip_strength_units is not null))
check (grip_strength_magnitude is null or (grip_strength_units = 'kgf' and grip_strength_magnitude >= 0) or (grip_strength_units = '[lbf_av]' and grip_strength_magnitude >= 0) or (grip_strength_units = 'N' and grip_strength_magnitude >= 0))
check ((measurement_protocol_code is null and measurement_protocol_system is null and measurement_protocol_valueset_id is null) or (measurement_protocol is not null and measurement_protocol_code is not null and measurement_protocol_system is not null and measurement_protocol_valueset_id is not null))
check ((grip_span_magnitude is null and grip_span_units is null) or (grip_span_magnitude is not null and grip_span_units is not null))
check (grip_span_magnitude is null or (grip_span_units = 'cm' and grip_span_magnitude between 0 and 100) or (grip_span_units = 'mm' and grip_span_magnitude between 0 and 1000))
```

## Unique

- `form_block_id`

## References

| Columns | Target | On delete |
|---|---|---|
| `form_id` | [`form`](/docs/tables/form) | cascade |
| `form_id, form_block_id` | [`form_block`](/docs/tables/form_block) | cascade |
| `measured_hand_valueset_id, measured_hand_code, measured_hand_system, measured_hand` | [`valueset_code`](/docs/tables/valueset_code) | restrict |
| `measurement_protocol_valueset_id, measurement_protocol_code, measurement_protocol_system, measurement_protocol` | [`valueset_code`](/docs/tables/valueset_code) | restrict |
| `measuring_device` | [`device`](/docs/tables/device) | no action |

## Indexes

- `hand_grip_strength_form_id_idx` on `form_id`
- `hand_grip_strength_measuring_device_idx` on `measuring_device`

## Value sets

| Value set | Codes |
|---|---|
| `org.openehr::openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.hand_grip_strength.v1/measured_hand` | 2 |
| `org.openehr::openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.hand_grip_strength.v1/measurement_protocol` | 3 |