---
title: "berg_balance_scale"
description: "A performance-based assessment of static and dynamic balance ability, consisting of 14 tasks scored on a five-point ordinal scale."
---

A performance-based assessment of static and dynamic balance ability, consisting of 14 tasks scored on a five-point ordinal scale.

**Purpose.** Use to record the component task scores and total score for the Berg Balance Scale.

## Source

| Model | Leg | Role |
|---|---|---|
| `openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.berg_balance_scale.v0` | openEHR | defines this table |

## Columns

| Column | Type | Null | Description | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| `id` | `uuid primary key` | no | Primary key. | — |
| `form_id` | `uuid` → [`form`](/docs/tables/form) | no | The form this entry was recorded on. | — |
| `form_block_id` | `uuid` | yes | The block within the form, when the entry is bound to one. | — |
| `_1_sitting_to_standing`<br />`_1_sitting_to_standing_code`<br />`_1_sitting_to_standing_system`<br />`_1_sitting_to_standing_numeric`<br />`_1_sitting_to_standing_valueset_id` | coded text<br />`text`, `text`, `text`, `numeric`, `text` | yes | 1. Sitting to standing | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0004]` |
| `_2_standing_unsupported`<br />`_2_standing_unsupported_code`<br />`_2_standing_unsupported_system`<br />`_2_standing_unsupported_numeric`<br />`_2_standing_unsupported_valueset_id` | coded text<br />`text`, `text`, `text`, `numeric`, `text` | yes | 2. Standing unsupported | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0010]` |
| `_3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c`<br />`_3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c_code`<br />`_3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c_system`<br />`_3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c_numeric`<br />`_3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c_valueset_id` | coded text<br />`text`, `text`, `text`, `numeric`, `text` | yes | 3. Sitting with back unsupported but feet supported on floor or on a stool | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0016]` |
| `_4_standing_to_sitting`<br />`_4_standing_to_sitting_code`<br />`_4_standing_to_sitting_system`<br />`_4_standing_to_sitting_numeric`<br />`_4_standing_to_sitting_valueset_id` | coded text<br />`text`, `text`, `text`, `numeric`, `text` | yes | 4. Standing to sitting | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0022]` |
| `_5_transfers`<br />`_5_transfers_code`<br />`_5_transfers_system`<br />`_5_transfers_numeric`<br />`_5_transfers_valueset_id` | coded text<br />`text`, `text`, `text`, `numeric`, `text` | yes | 5. Transfers | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0028]` |
| `_6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed`<br />`_6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed_code`<br />`_6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed_system`<br />`_6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed_numeric`<br />`_6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed_valueset_id` | coded text<br />`text`, `text`, `text`, `numeric`, `text` | yes | 6. Standing unsupported with eyes closed | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0034]` |
| `_7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together`<br />`_7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together_code`<br />`_7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together_system`<br />`_7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together_numeric`<br />`_7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together_valueset_id` | coded text<br />`text`, `text`, `text`, `numeric`, `text` | yes | 7. Standing unsupported with feet together | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0040]` |
| `_8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d`<br />`_8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d_code`<br />`_8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d_system`<br />`_8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d_numeric`<br />`_8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d_valueset_id` | coded text<br />`text`, `text`, `text`, `numeric`, `text` | yes | 8. Reaching forward with outstretched arm while standing | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0046]` |
| `_9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2`<br />`_9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2_code`<br />`_9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2_system`<br />`_9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2_numeric`<br />`_9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2_valueset_id` | coded text<br />`text`, `text`, `text`, `numeric`, `text` | yes | 9. Pick up object from the floor from a standing position | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0052]` |
| `_10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f`<br />`_10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f_code`<br />`_10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f_system`<br />`_10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f_numeric`<br />`_10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f_valueset_id` | coded text<br />`text`, `text`, `text`, `numeric`, `text` | yes | 10. Turning to look behind over left and right shoulders while standing | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0058]` |
| `_11_turn_360_degrees`<br />`_11_turn_360_degrees_code`<br />`_11_turn_360_degrees_system`<br />`_11_turn_360_degrees_numeric`<br />`_11_turn_360_degrees_valueset_id` | coded text<br />`text`, `text`, `text`, `numeric`, `text` | yes | 11. Turn 360 degrees | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0064]` |
| `_12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b`<br />`_12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b_code`<br />`_12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b_system`<br />`_12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b_numeric`<br />`_12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b_valueset_id` | coded text<br />`text`, `text`, `text`, `numeric`, `text` | yes | 12. Place alternate foot on step or stool while standing unsupported | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0070]` |
| `_13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front`<br />`_13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front_code`<br />`_13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front_system`<br />`_13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front_numeric`<br />`_13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front_valueset_id` | coded text<br />`text`, `text`, `text`, `numeric`, `text` | yes | 13. Standing unsupported one foot in front | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0076]` |
| `_14_standing_on_one_leg`<br />`_14_standing_on_one_leg_code`<br />`_14_standing_on_one_leg_system`<br />`_14_standing_on_one_leg_numeric`<br />`_14_standing_on_one_leg_valueset_id` | coded text<br />`text`, `text`, `text`, `numeric`, `text` | yes | 14. Standing on one leg | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0082]` |
| `total_score` | `integer` | yes | Total score | `/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0088]` |

## Constraints

```sql
check ((_1_sitting_to_standing_code is null and _1_sitting_to_standing_system is null and _1_sitting_to_standing_numeric is null and _1_sitting_to_standing is null) or (_1_sitting_to_standing_valueset_id is not null and _1_sitting_to_standing_code is not null and _1_sitting_to_standing_system is not null and _1_sitting_to_standing_numeric is not null and _1_sitting_to_standing is not null))
check ((_2_standing_unsupported_code is null and _2_standing_unsupported_system is null and _2_standing_unsupported_numeric is null and _2_standing_unsupported is null) or (_2_standing_unsupported_valueset_id is not null and _2_standing_unsupported_code is not null and _2_standing_unsupported_system is not null and _2_standing_unsupported_numeric is not null and _2_standing_unsupported is not null))
check ((_3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c_code is null and _3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c_system is null and _3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c_numeric is null and _3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c is null) or (_3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c_valueset_id is not null and _3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c_code is not null and _3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c_system is not null and _3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c_numeric is not null and _3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c is not null))
check ((_4_standing_to_sitting_code is null and _4_standing_to_sitting_system is null and _4_standing_to_sitting_numeric is null and _4_standing_to_sitting is null) or (_4_standing_to_sitting_valueset_id is not null and _4_standing_to_sitting_code is not null and _4_standing_to_sitting_system is not null and _4_standing_to_sitting_numeric is not null and _4_standing_to_sitting is not null))
check ((_5_transfers_code is null and _5_transfers_system is null and _5_transfers_numeric is null and _5_transfers is null) or (_5_transfers_valueset_id is not null and _5_transfers_code is not null and _5_transfers_system is not null and _5_transfers_numeric is not null and _5_transfers is not null))
check ((_6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed_code is null and _6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed_system is null and _6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed_numeric is null and _6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed is null) or (_6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed_valueset_id is not null and _6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed_code is not null and _6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed_system is not null and _6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed_numeric is not null and _6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed is not null))
check ((_7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together_code is null and _7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together_system is null and _7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together_numeric is null and _7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together is null) or (_7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together_valueset_id is not null and _7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together_code is not null and _7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together_system is not null and _7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together_numeric is not null and _7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together is not null))
check ((_8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d_code is null and _8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d_system is null and _8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d_numeric is null and _8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d is null) or (_8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d_valueset_id is not null and _8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d_code is not null and _8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d_system is not null and _8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d_numeric is not null and _8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d is not null))
check ((_9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2_code is null and _9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2_system is null and _9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2_numeric is null and _9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2 is null) or (_9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2_valueset_id is not null and _9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2_code is not null and _9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2_system is not null and _9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2_numeric is not null and _9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2 is not null))
check ((_10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f_code is null and _10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f_system is null and _10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f_numeric is null and _10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f is null) or (_10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f_valueset_id is not null and _10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f_code is not null and _10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f_system is not null and _10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f_numeric is not null and _10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f is not null))
check ((_11_turn_360_degrees_code is null and _11_turn_360_degrees_system is null and _11_turn_360_degrees_numeric is null and _11_turn_360_degrees is null) or (_11_turn_360_degrees_valueset_id is not null and _11_turn_360_degrees_code is not null and _11_turn_360_degrees_system is not null and _11_turn_360_degrees_numeric is not null and _11_turn_360_degrees is not null))
check ((_12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b_code is null and _12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b_system is null and _12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b_numeric is null and _12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b is null) or (_12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b_valueset_id is not null and _12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b_code is not null and _12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b_system is not null and _12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b_numeric is not null and _12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b is not null))
check ((_13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front_code is null and _13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front_system is null and _13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front_numeric is null and _13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front is null) or (_13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front_valueset_id is not null and _13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front_code is not null and _13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front_system is not null and _13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front_numeric is not null and _13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front is not null))
check ((_14_standing_on_one_leg_code is null and _14_standing_on_one_leg_system is null and _14_standing_on_one_leg_numeric is null and _14_standing_on_one_leg is null) or (_14_standing_on_one_leg_valueset_id is not null and _14_standing_on_one_leg_code is not null and _14_standing_on_one_leg_system is not null and _14_standing_on_one_leg_numeric is not null and _14_standing_on_one_leg is not null))
check (total_score is null or total_score between 0 and 56)
```

## Unique

- `form_block_id`

## References

| Columns | Target | On delete |
|---|---|---|
| `form_id` | [`form`](/docs/tables/form) | cascade |
| `form_id, form_block_id` | [`form_block`](/docs/tables/form_block) | cascade |
| `_1_sitting_to_standing_valueset_id, _1_sitting_to_standing_code, _1_sitting_to_standing_system, _1_sitting_to_standing, _1_sitting_to_standing_numeric` | [`valueset_code`](/docs/tables/valueset_code) | restrict |
| `_2_standing_unsupported_valueset_id, _2_standing_unsupported_code, _2_standing_unsupported_system, _2_standing_unsupported, _2_standing_unsupported_numeric` | [`valueset_code`](/docs/tables/valueset_code) | restrict |
| `_3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c_valueset_id, _3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c_code, _3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c_system, _3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c, _3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_su_1dc69c_numeric` | [`valueset_code`](/docs/tables/valueset_code) | restrict |
| `_4_standing_to_sitting_valueset_id, _4_standing_to_sitting_code, _4_standing_to_sitting_system, _4_standing_to_sitting, _4_standing_to_sitting_numeric` | [`valueset_code`](/docs/tables/valueset_code) | restrict |
| `_5_transfers_valueset_id, _5_transfers_code, _5_transfers_system, _5_transfers, _5_transfers_numeric` | [`valueset_code`](/docs/tables/valueset_code) | restrict |
| `_6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed_valueset_id, _6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed_code, _6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed_system, _6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed, _6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed_numeric` | [`valueset_code`](/docs/tables/valueset_code) | restrict |
| `_7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together_valueset_id, _7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together_code, _7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together_system, _7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together, _7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together_numeric` | [`valueset_code`](/docs/tables/valueset_code) | restrict |
| `_8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d_valueset_id, _8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d_code, _8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d_system, _8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d, _8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_wh_6b605d_numeric` | [`valueset_code`](/docs/tables/valueset_code) | restrict |
| `_9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2_valueset_id, _9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2_code, _9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2_system, _9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2, _9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_stan_97a5d2_numeric` | [`valueset_code`](/docs/tables/valueset_code) | restrict |
| `_10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f_valueset_id, _10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f_code, _10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f_system, _10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f, _10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_rig_0b0c3f_numeric` | [`valueset_code`](/docs/tables/valueset_code) | restrict |
| `_11_turn_360_degrees_valueset_id, _11_turn_360_degrees_code, _11_turn_360_degrees_system, _11_turn_360_degrees, _11_turn_360_degrees_numeric` | [`valueset_code`](/docs/tables/valueset_code) | restrict |
| `_12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b_valueset_id, _12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b_code, _12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b_system, _12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b, _12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_wh_17ff5b_numeric` | [`valueset_code`](/docs/tables/valueset_code) | restrict |
| `_13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front_valueset_id, _13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front_code, _13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front_system, _13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front, _13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front_numeric` | [`valueset_code`](/docs/tables/valueset_code) | restrict |
| `_14_standing_on_one_leg_valueset_id, _14_standing_on_one_leg_code, _14_standing_on_one_leg_system, _14_standing_on_one_leg, _14_standing_on_one_leg_numeric` | [`valueset_code`](/docs/tables/valueset_code) | restrict |

## Indexes

- `berg_balance_scale_form_id_idx` on `form_id`

## Value sets

| Value set | Codes |
|---|---|
| `org.openehr::openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.berg_balance_scale.v0/_10_turning_to_look_behind_over_left_and_right_shoulders_while_standing` | 5 |
| `org.openehr::openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.berg_balance_scale.v0/_11_turn_360_degrees` | 5 |
| `org.openehr::openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.berg_balance_scale.v0/_12_place_alternate_foot_on_step_or_stool_while_standing_unsupported` | 5 |
| `org.openehr::openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.berg_balance_scale.v0/_13_standing_unsupported_one_foot_in_front` | 5 |
| `org.openehr::openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.berg_balance_scale.v0/_14_standing_on_one_leg` | 5 |
| `org.openehr::openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.berg_balance_scale.v0/_1_sitting_to_standing` | 5 |
| `org.openehr::openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.berg_balance_scale.v0/_2_standing_unsupported` | 5 |
| `org.openehr::openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.berg_balance_scale.v0/_3_sitting_with_back_unsupported_but_feet_supported_on_floor_or_on_a_stool` | 5 |
| `org.openehr::openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.berg_balance_scale.v0/_4_standing_to_sitting` | 5 |
| `org.openehr::openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.berg_balance_scale.v0/_5_transfers` | 5 |
| `org.openehr::openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.berg_balance_scale.v0/_6_standing_unsupported_with_eyes_closed` | 5 |
| `org.openehr::openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.berg_balance_scale.v0/_7_standing_unsupported_with_feet_together` | 5 |
| `org.openehr::openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.berg_balance_scale.v0/_8_reaching_forward_with_outstretched_arm_while_standing` | 5 |
| `org.openehr::openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.berg_balance_scale.v0/_9_pick_up_object_from_the_floor_from_a_standing_position` | 5 |